Partitioning of Heavy Metals in Municipal Solid Waste Pyrolysis, Gasification, and Incineration

焚化 挥发 城市固体废物 热解 底灰 金属 环境化学 化学 粉煤灰 氧化剂 冶金 废物管理 材料科学 有机化学 工程类
作者
Jun Dong,Yong Chi,Yuanjun Tang,Mingjiang Ni,Ange Nzihou,Elsa Weiss-Hortala,Qunxing Huang
出处
期刊:Energy & Fuels [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:29 (11): 7516-7525 被引量:91
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b01918
摘要

Heavy metal emission is a great environmental concern for the development of municipal solid waste (MSW) thermal treatment techniques. In this study, both experimental investigations and theoretical simulations are carried out to identify the partitioning of heavy metals between the gaseous phase and solid fractions during pyrolysis, gasification, and incineration of simulated MSW. Two types of incinerators are used. A tubular furnace is applied to evaluate the evaporation of metals from residues, whereas the metal distribution among bottom ash, cyclone fly ash, and filter fly ash is further examined in a fluidized bed. Six target metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ni) are studied. Results show that a reductive atmosphere favors the evaporation of Cd and Zn but refrains Cu, Ni, and Cr volatilization, because metals are mainly reduced to their elemental form or sulfide, according to thermodynamic equilibrium calculation. Oxides are the dominant species under oxidizing condition due to the abundance of alkalis. Pb behaved differently, most probably by forming stable metal-matrix compounds such as Pb3Ca2Si3O11 and PbZnSiO4. The cyclone ash is then separated into different sizes. The metal concentrations recorded reveal that most of the vaporized metals are transferred to the cyclone at its working temperature of 350–600 °C by an evaporation and condensation process; however, entrainment is also a determining factor for the transfer of less-volatile metals. Overall, parameters determining the transfer of heavy metals during MSW thermal treatment can be summarized as (i) metal speciation affected by redox atmosphere, temperature, and the presence of alkalis, chloride, sulfur, and other mineral substances; (ii) system characteristics, such as furnace type and cyclone temperature; and (iii) mechanical entrainment of particles caused by gas velocity.
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