Peroxiredoxin6, a Multitask Antioxidant Enzyme Involved in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases

SIGNIFICANCE: Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. NCDs mainly comprise diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and neurological degenerative diseases, which kill more than 80% of population, especially the elderly, worldwide. Recent Advances: Several recent theories established NCDs as multifactorial diseases, where a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors contributes to their pathogenesis. Nevertheless, recent findings suggest that the common factor linking all these pathologies is an increase in oxidative stress and the age-related loss of the antioxidant mechanisms of defense against it. Impairment in mitochondrial homeostasis with consequent deregulation in oxidative stress balance has also been suggested. CRITICAL ISSUES: Therefore, antioxidant proteins deserve particular attention for their potential role against NCDs. In particular, peroxiredoxin(Prdx)6 is a unique antioxidant enzyme, belonging to the Prdx family, with double properties, peroxidase and phospholipase activities. Through these activities, Prdx6 has been shown to be a powerful antioxidant enzyme, implicated in the pathogenesis of different NCDs. Recently, we described a phenotype of diabetes mellitus in Prdx6 knockout mice, suggesting a pivotal role of Prdx6 in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Increasing awareness on the role of antioxidant defenses in the pathogenesis of NCDs may open novel therapeutic approaches to reduce the burden of this pandemic phenomenon. However, knowledge of the role of Prdx6 in NCD prevention and pathogenesis is still not clarified.