单双脂肪酸甘油酯/磷脂复配负载叶黄素、DHA的神经行为学效应研究Neurobehavioral effects of mono-and di-glycerides/ phospholipid loading lutein and DHA

旨在探索单双脂肪酸甘油酯/磷脂（MDG/PL）是否对叶黄素和DHA的促神经行为发育具有积极作用，将40只刚断乳雄性SD大鼠根据体质量随机分为8组，即空白对照组（蒸馏水），油样低、高剂量对照组，油样低、高剂量MDG/PL组，乳粉低剂量对照组，乳粉低、高剂量MDG/PL组，其中低剂量组试验剂量为叶黄素0.275 mg/(kg·d)、DHA 62.5 mg/(kg·d)，高剂量组试验剂量为叶黄素2.75 mg/(kg·d)、DHA 156.25 mg/(kg·d)，每天1次，灌胃容积5 mL/kg，持续28 d，观察各组大鼠的一般情况，进行水迷宫试验后，测定其体质量、脏器系数、血常规、肝肾功能指标，并观察大鼠脑海马区组织病理，分析其脑海马区细胞凋亡、脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）蛋白表达情况。结果表明，灌胃叶黄素及DHA前后的各组大鼠的一般情况、体质量、脏器系数、血常规指标、肝肾功能指标基本无明显变化。相比空白对照组，各剂量组大鼠在水迷宫试验中的运动总距离均显著缩短，且大部分干预组大鼠脑海马区神经元形态更完整、排列更紧密。在油样组，叶黄素和DHA及其负载形式干预未对大鼠脑海马区细胞凋亡产生显著影响，但高剂量叶黄素和DHA及其负载形式干预可一定程度上调BDNF蛋白表达水平。综上，叶黄素、DHA可在一定程度上改善大鼠学习记忆能力，可能与BDNF蛋白表达上调有关，而MDG/PL负载并不能显著提高DHA和叶黄素的改善效果，但这仍需进一步验证。 Aiming to investigate whether mono- and di-glycerides/phospholipid (MDG/PL) formulations exert positive effects on the neurobehavioral developmental effects of lutein and DHA, forty weaned Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned into eight groups based on body weight: a blank control group (distilled water); oil-based low-and high-dose control groups, oil-based low- and high-dose MDG/PL groups, milk powder-based low-dose control group, and milk powder-based low- and high-dose MDG/PL groups. The dosages of lutein and DHA for low- and high-dose groups were 0.275, 2.75 mg/(kg·d) and 62.5, 156.25 mg/(kg·d), respectively. The gavage volume was 5 mL/kg, once daily for 28 d. The general condition of the rats was observed. The Morris water maze test was performed, then the body weight, organ coefficients, routine blood parameters, liver and kidney function indices were measured, the hippocampal histopathology was observed, and apoptosis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression in the hippocampal region were analyzed. The results showed that the general condition, body weight, organ coefficients, routine blood parameters, and liver and kidney function indices of rats in each group showed no obvious changes before and after administration of lutein and DHA. Compared with the blank control group, the total swimming distance of rats in the Morris water maze test was significantly reduced in other groups, and hippocampal neurons in most intervention groups exhibited more intact morphology and tighter arrangement. In the oil-based groups, intervention with lutein and DHA and their loaded forms had no significant effect on apoptosis in the hippocampal region, whereas high-dose lutein and DHA and their loaded forms increased BDNF protein expression to some extent. In conclusion, lutein and DHA can enhance learning and memory abilities of rats to a certain extent, which may be associated with the upregulation of BDNF protein expression. MDG/PL loading does not significantly improve the efficacy of DHA and lutein, though this finding requires further validation.