Single-atom Bi embedded in the surface lattice of Pd nanoparticles: enhancing catalytic activity and stability for formic acid dehydrogenation

Single-atom Bi embedded in the Pd surface lattice synergistically tunes the electronic structure of Pd and introduces Lewis acid sites, enabling Bi 1 @Pd/CMK-3 to achieve high activity and excellent long-term stability in formic acid dehydrogenation.