A Review of the Low-Carbon Transformation Path of Buildings Driven by Renewable Energy: Challenges and Optimization of Energy-Efficient Utilization

Under the backdrop of the “dual carbon” strategy, leveraging renewable energy to promote low-carbon renovations of existing buildings has become an important path for the construction industry to achieve sustainable development. Currently, to achieve efficient utilization of renewable energy in buildings, key issues such as energy type matching, optimization of energy storage system configuration, and multi-objective collaborative decision-making need to be addressed. This paper explores the adaptation mechanisms between building characteristics, such as layout, climate impact, and energy distribution, and different energy systems, highlighting the core role of optimizing energy storage technology in achieving flexible energy use and dynamic regulation. Combined with artificial intelligence algorithms and multi-objective optimization models, it supports the real-time trade-off and optimization of the system’s operational efficiency, economic performance, and environmental benefits. This review aims to provide theoretical and practical references for enhancing the overall energy efficiency of buildings and promoting the scientific planning and refined operation of renewable energy in sustainable building practices.