材料科学
光催化
量子产额
胺气处理
共价键
过氧化氢
氧化还原
光化学
选择性
光催化
溶解度
制氢
组合化学
产量(工程)
催化作用
密度泛函理论
分解水
二亚胺
氧气
叔胺
化学工程
有机半导体
纳米技术
化学
光诱导电荷分离
纳米棒
衍生工具(金融)
载流子
析氧
激进的
作者
Zhiqing Long,Ke Luo,Kaixuan Wang,Maijun Zhu,Qing He
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202520264
摘要
ABSTRACT Photocatalysts are key to sustainable hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production, yet most reported systems are polymeric or composite, with limited solubility and poorly defined architectures that obscure mechanistic understanding and structure–function relationships. Here we present covalent organic superphane cages bearing secondary amine, tertiary amine, or ammonium functionalities as discrete, metal‐free photocatalysts for H 2 O 2 generation. Among them, the tied tertiary amine derivative ( SUPE‐ptz‐2 ) exhibits enhanced light absorption, efficient charge carrier separation and transfer, and precisely organized redox‐active sites. As a result, SUPE‐ptz‐2 achieves an H 2 O 2 production rate of 11,089 µmol h − 1 g − 1 in oxygen‐saturated water, rising to 25,031 µmol h − 1 g − 1 with 10% isopropanol, with an apparent quantum yield of 29.2% at 400 nm and 93% selectivity for the two‐electron oxygen reduction pathway. Comprehensive experimental investigations combined with density functional theory calculations reveal that phenothiazine moieties facilitate water oxidation via the four‐electron WOR pathway, while amine groups promote oxygen reduction through both the two‐electron ORR1 and ORR2 pathways; the tied cage architecture enforces spatial separation of redox sites, stabilizes key reaction intermediates, and enhances charge transport. Beyond photocatalytic efficiency, SUPE‐ptz‐2 demonstrates robustness across diverse water sources and enables sunlight‐driven disinfection. These results establish covalent‐organic superphane cages as photocatalysts (singzymes) for sustainable H 2 O 2 generation and broaden their potential in solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion and environmental applications.
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