An Auto‐Activated NLR ‐Protein OsRGA3 D605V Confers Rice Triple Resistance and Deactivates Resistance After Phosphorylation by OsILA1

The incidence of pests and diseases seriously impacts rice production, and NLR genes play a crucial role in the regulation of immune signalling in rice. Here, we identified an NLR gene OsRGA3 that positively regulates rice resistance to brown planthopper (BPH) and rice blast disease (RBD). The mutant OsRGA3^D605V as an auto-activated form of OsRGA3 can form a resistosome and exhibit Ca²⁺ permeable channel activity, triggering a hypersensitive response (HR) and providing rice with enhanced resistance to BPH, RBD and bacterial leaf blight (BLB). Biochemistry experiments confirmed that a Raf-like MAPKKK OsILA1 interacts with OsRGA3 by Y2H, LCA, Pull-down and BLI assay. OsILA1 negatively regulates rice resistance to BPH, RBD and BLB. Further study discovered that OsILA1 inhibits HR triggered by OsRGA3^D605V through phosphorylation of Y15 and Y138 sites to avoid an excessive immune response of plants. This study discovered a new MAPK-NLR module with triple bio-stress resistance that can be self-activated and then deactivated by phosphorylation.