Impact of metal oxide nanoparticles against biotic stress in plants

Metal oxide nanoparticles are well-known nanomaterials because of their functional properties and are found to be a unique tool in the field of nanotechnology. It assists in plant stress tolerance as well as soil enhancement. Nanoparticles have become a major tool for plant biotechnologists, particularly in addressing the biotic stress of the plant kingdom. In the agricultural field, nanotechnology aids in crop protection and the management of stress caused by other living species. According to a recent study, metal oxide nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide, copper oxide, titanium oxide, and magnesium oxide, are efficient against pathogenic bacteria, nematodes, and oomycetes, the primary drivers of biotic stress in plants. Although nanoparticle deposition is harmful to the environment, when given in small doses, it can help plants survive. Metal oxides have been discovered to be an efficient photocatalyst, promoting plant growth and development, in addition to having antibacterial and pesticide capabilities, to meet demand. Depending on the approach, metal oxide nanoparticles have diverse effects on various fields. Extensive research on metal oxide particles is being conducted all around the world, and the results are favorable and promising. This chapter will deal with various metal oxide nanoparticles and their mechanism against various causative agents of biotic stress in plants.