Exopolysaccharides in microbial interactions: signalling, quorum sensing, and community dynamics

Microbial interactions within diverse ecosystems are intricately governed by the dynamic interplay of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by microorganisms. This review delves into the multifaceted roles of EPS in microbial signalling, quorum sensing (QS), and community dynamics, highlighting their significance in orchestrating cooperative behaviours and shaping community structures. EPSs serve as pivotal signalling molecules, influencing chemical communication and promoting intricate interactions among microorganisms. The integration of EPS into QS mechanisms adds an additional layer of complexity, allowing microorganisms to assess population density and synchronise communal responses. Furthermore, EPSs actively contribute to community dynamics by influencing spatial organisation, adhesion, and resistance to environmental stressors. By providing comprehensive knowledge of EPS dynamics, this review offers valuable insights into microbial ecology, serving as a foundational resource for future research. It will benefit the research community by advancing our understanding of microbial ecosystems, with broad applications in biotechnology, environmental science, and beyond.