Black phosphorus nanosheets for advanced polymer coatings and films: Preparation, stability and applications

The rapid development of industrialization necessitates advancements in nanomaterials. Black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets have garnered extensive attention due to their highly anisotropic optoelectronic properties, high carrier mobility, and excellent mechanical properties. These unique attributes make BP nanosheets advantageous in various research fields. Combining BP nanosheets with polymers results in functional coatings and films with flame retardancy, antibacterial properties, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. In this review, we first introduce various preparation methods for BP nanosheets. We discuss the degradation mechanisms of BP nanosheets and the passivation techniques employed to enhance their environmental stability. Subsequently, we provide a detailed and comprehensive review of the applications of BP nanosheets in polymer coatings and films. Finally, we outline the development challenges and future research opportunities for BP-based polymer coatings and films. This article aims to summarize existing research and provide objective insights, serving as a constructive reference for the advancement of modern multifunctional polymer coatings and films.