Lanthanide-doped luminescent perovskites: A review of synthesis, properties, and applications

Over the past years, perovskite materials have attracted extensive interest within scientific and commercial fields due to their ferroelectric, photovoltaic, and luminescent characteristics whereas similar attention has been paid to lanthanide (Ln)-based photoluminescence for use in nanomedicine, optical devices, and photonics. Combining both Ln luminescence and perovskite structural and electronic features has become a hotspot for the development of a new class of luminescent materials emitting from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared spectral regions due to the adequate structural arrangement of Ln ions in distorted octahedral coordination environment provided by perovskites, correlated with the easy processing and desirable electronic structure tunability of halide-based perovskites, as well as thermal and chemical stability from oxide-like ones. Therefore, this review aims to cover the state-of-the-art of Ln-doped luminescent perovskites, initially discussing fundamentals, synthetic routes, as well as challenges and means to overcome them, and finally highlighting applications in energy conversion, light-emitting diodes, temperature probes, anti-counterfeiting agents, and photodetectors.