C-reactive protein, pharmacological treatments and diet: how to target your inflammatory burden

Purpose of review This article focuses on pharmacological agents as well as dietary changes aimed at the reduction of the inflammatory burden measured by circulating C-reactive protein concentrations. Recent findings Over the last years, repurposed as well as new anti-inflammatory agents have been investigated in outcome trials in the cardiovascular field. Currently, a specific inhibition of the inflammatory cascade via the interleukin-6 ligand antibody ziltivekimab is being explored in large-scale outcome trials, after the efficacy of this agent with regard to the reduction of inflammatory biomarkers was proven recently. Next to the investigated pharmacological agents, specific dietary patterns possess the ability to improve the inflammatory burden. This enables patients themselves to unlock a potential health benefit ahead of the initiation of a specific medication targeting the inflammatory pathway. Summary Both pharmacological agents as well as diet provide the opportunity to improve the inflammatory profile and thereby lower C-reactive protein concentrations. Whilst advances in the field of specific anti-inflammatory treatments have been made over the last years, their broad implementation is currently limited. Therefore, optimization of diet (and other lifestyle factors) could provide a cost effective and side-effect free intervention to target low-grade vascular inflammation.