Lamellarin D Bioconjugates I: Synthesis and Cellular Internalization of PEG-Derivatives

Herein is reported the design and synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives of Lamellarin D with the aim of modulating their physicochemical properties and improving the biological activity. Mono-, di-, and tri-PEG conjugates with improved solubility were obtained in 18−57% overall yields from the corresponding partially protected phenolic derivatives of Lamellarin D. Conjugates 1−9 were tested in a panel of three human tumor cell lines (MDA-MB-231 breast, A-549 lung, and HT-29 colon) to evaluate their cytotoxicity. Several compounds exhibited enhanced cellular internalization, and more than 85% of the derivatives showed a lower GI50 than Lam-D. Furthermore, cell cycle arrest at G2 phase and apoptotic cell-death pathways were determined for Lamellarin D and these derivatives.