Electromechanical Poling Treatment of Barium Titanate Single Crystals and their Piezoelectric Properties

The phase transition behaviors of the [111]c oriented barium titanate (BaTiO3) single crystals (the subscript c means the cubic notation system) were investigated as functions of temperature, uniaxial stress and electric fields. These results suggested that above Tc, combination between uniaxial stress and electric fields might be effective for a poling treatment of BaTiO3 single crystals. Thus, a new poling method for BaTiO3 single crystals was proposed using control of temperature, uniaxial stress and electric fields in this study.