Diabetic Retinopathy

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction - a historical perspective The normal eye Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy Pathophysiologic events in diabetic retinopathy The consultation Screening for diabetic retinopathy Lesions and classifications of diabetic retinopathy Maculopathy Mild non - proliferative diabetic retinopathy (ETDRS & International) and background diabetic retinopathy (English Screening) Moderate and severe non - proliferative diabetic retinopathy (ETDRS & International) and pre - proliferative diabetic retinopathy (English Screening) Proliferative diabetic retinopathy and advanced diabetic retinopathy Stage R3 with M1: proliferative diabetic retinopathy with maculopathy Use of intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors Vitrectomy Pregnancy and the diabetic eye Low vision and blindness from diabetic retinopathy References