Improving Dissolution Properties by Polymers and Surfactants: A Case Study of Celastrol

Abstract

Two polymorphs of celastrol were discovered and fully characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The single-crystal structures of form I and the isostructural solvate of form II were disclosed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The apparent solubility and wettability of both the crystalline forms were determined. It was found that surfactant can significantly improve the solubility of celastrol up to more than 10⁴ times. Tween 80 and sodium dodecyl sulfate largely improved the wettability of the 2 crystals. Form I shows better wettability than form II in all the buffer solutions with polymers and surfactants. Compared with form II, form I exhibits higher solubility in carboxymethylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone media but much lower solubility in tween 80 and sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions. An investigation of wettability and solubility mechanisms was fully explored, and a hypothesis was proposed to understand the abnormal solubility differences.