Aging is expressed as a deterioration and frailty of various tissues, accompanied by dysregulation of the pathways essential for homeostasis, resilience, and maintenance Under normal physiological conditions, many differing types of cells in tissues interact with each other, constructing a steady microenvironment; for example, parenchymal and accessory cells regulate the normal function of tissues, while accessory cells, such as immune and stromal cells, support the core function of parenchymal cells. The specific components forming the microenvironment and the crosstalk among them are puzzles that remain to be solved. In recent decade, great progress has been made in this field from the perspective of transcriptomics, and researchers have completed the construction of a human single-cell atlas of various organs and tissues In recent years, many novel single-cell examination strategies have been constructed such as single-cell mass spectrometry (Shrestha, 2020), single-cell immunometabolic profiling (Artyomov and Van den Bossche, 2020), and single-cell-based immune cell research