Integrated electrochemical microfluidic sensor with hierarchically porous nanoarrays modified graphene fiber microelectrode for bioassay

The development of high-efficient biosensing systems for rapid and sensitive detection of disease-related biomarkers in human samples is of great significance for disease diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice. In this work, we develop an integrated electrochemical microfluidic sensing platform based on freestanding graphene fiber (GF) microelectrode for bioassay. In order to improve the electrocatalytic activity of GF microelectrode, it has been modified by unique 3D well-ordered hierarchically porous nickel-cobalt phosphide (NiCoP) nanosheet arrays (NSAs). Benefiting from the excellent electrochemical properties and structural merits, the resultant NiCoP-NSAs modified GF microelectrode shows excellent sensing performances towards neurotransmitter dopamine (DA), with a high sensitivity of 5.56 μA cm-2 μM-1, a low detection limit of 14 nM, as well as good selectivity, reproducibility and stability. Furthermore, in virtue of the miniaturized size and good mechanical properties, the nanohybrid GF microelectrode can be embedded into a home-made microfluidic chip to construct an integrated electrochemical microfluidic sensing device, which has been used for sensitive analysis of DA in minimal volume of human serum and urine samples, and in situ tracking DA released from neuroblastoma cells SHSY-5Y under the stimulation for physio-pathological and pharmacological study of nervous system-related diseases.