Objective: To explore the effects of the treatment of syndrome differentiation on patients of postoperative advanced colorectal cancer.Methods: 210 cases were randomized into treatment group(n=140) and control group(n=70).The treatment group was treated by decoction of syndrome differentiation and chemotherapy and the control group was treated by chemotherapy only.The survival situation,recurrence and metastasis,related immunologic and carcinoma indexes were observed.Cox regression analyses were performed to determine all the favorable factors of survival.Results: ① Median survival of treatment group was 25.2 months and the control group was 18.5 months;one-and three-year survival rates of treatment group were 87.86% and 72.14% and the control group were 85.71% and 62.86%.The rates of recurrence and metastasis of treatment group and control group were 22.86% and 24.29% respectively.Median survival of treatment group was higher than control group and the three-year survival rate of treatment group was higher than control group(P0.05).② The carcinoma stage was the adverse factor and the time of TCM treatment and the therapeutic principles of warming kidney yangand invigorating blood to nourish yinwere the favorable factors through Cox model analysis related survival.The time of TCM treatment and the therapeutic principle of regulating qi were the favorable factors through Cox model analysis related metastasis.③ After treatment the ratio of CD4 T lymphocyte in treatment group was higher than that before treatment and that in control group(P0.05).Conclusion: The treatment of syndrome differentiation can enhance survival period and improve the immune situation.