Optimal parameters of electron beam welding (EBW) of heat-resistant alloy of the Cr15Ni45Mo5W1Ti2Al1Nb3Pbrand with thickness of 4.5 mm made without lining technology were defined. The effect of the EBW mode on the formation of defects was studied.Propensity of Cr15Ni45Mo5W1Ti2Al1Nb3P alloy to the defects formation was investigated on the sample-simulatordivided into seven equal portions at welding speeds of 7mm/s and 11 mm/s. To evaluate the quality of welding, each of the samples was subjected to X-ray inspection, cutting and metallographic investigation with the definition of the parameters of welds, micro hardness and the defects presence. The obtained values of the welding parameters for a butt joint provide the required quality and the size of the weld.