Therapeutic approaches employing natural compounds and derivatives for treating bipolar disorder: emphasis on experimental models of the manic phase

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex psychiatric disease characterized by mood swings that include episodes of mania and depression. Given its cyclical nature, BD is especially hard to model; however, the standard practice has been to mimic manic episodes in animal models. Despite scientific advances, the pathophysiology of BD is not fully understood, and treatment remains limited. In the last years, natural products have emerged as potential neuroprotective agents for the treatment of psychiatric diseases. Thus, the aim of this review was to explore the therapeutic potential of natural compounds and derivatives against BD, taking into account preclinical and clinical studies. Reliable articles indexed in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct were used. In clinical studies, treatment with herbal plants extracts, omega-3, inositol, n-acetylcysteine and vitamin D has been associated with a clinical improvement in symptoms of mania and depression in BD patients. In animal models, it has been shown that red fruits extracts, curcumin, quercetin, gallic acid, alpha-lipoic acid and carvone can modulate many neurochemical pathways involved in the pathophysiology of manic episodes. Thus, this review appointed the advances in the consumption of natural compounds and derivatives as an important therapeutic strategy to mitigate the symptoms of BD.