Green hydrogen storage and delivery: Utilizing highly active homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for formic acid dehydrogenation

Significant technological revolution which allows the use of hydrogen as an efficient energy carrier and mitigates the use of fossil fuels is a crucial need of the day. Much attention has been paid to cope with the recent, reversible, and sustainable hydrogen storage technologies. Among recent strategies, formic acid (FA) has been marked as an efficient liquid chemical for hydrogen storage. The liquid organic hydrogen carriers are based on some vital characteristics that particularly reduce toxicity and consist of maximum hydrogen with efficient recyclability. This review summarizes the recent reports, studies, and investigations concerning the hydrogen production from dehydrogenation of FA, which is almost free of carbon monoxide and is considered as an excellent material in fuel cell (FC) technology. A comprehensive critical review is carried out to link the latest research progress for subsequent achievements and to investigate both the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Among these catalysts, the main focus is on precious and non-precious metals that have been progressively increased during the past decade. Furthermore, the recent developments in the generation of high-pressure hydrogen gas and its practical applications have been highlighted for better understanding.