Effectiveness of patient education on total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to examine the contents and methods of patient educational interventions about total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and their effectiveness in reducing postoperative pain and enhancing range of motion (ROM) in the literature. BACKGROUND: Patient education has been provided to facilitate recovery after TKA; however, little is known about the contents and methods of the interventions and their effectiveness in reducing postoperative pain and enhancing ROM. DESIGN: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS: Published studies from June 1998-June 2021 were identified from electronic databases. Two independent investigators assessed the quality of the studies by using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Meta-analyses with random-effects models were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the interventions using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. The study was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. RESULTS: Among 12 articles that met the inclusion criteria, three interventions provided education on pain management and mobility/exercises. The most common educational methods were the combinations of oral explanation, written materials, and audiovisual materials, group discussion, while four studies used information technology (IT) devices. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the educational interventions using IT devices were effective in improving pain and ROM, but not the interventions that did not use IT devices. CONCLUSION: Structured education for pain management, communication and/or exercise support programs utilising diverse methods have been provided to patients undergoing TKA. Using IT devices could successfully enhance the effectiveness of educational interventions for patients undergoing TKA. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Integration of postoperative pain management and mobility/exercises with the use of IT devices should be actively considered in providing patient education in clinical nursing practice.