Grafting resveratrol onto mesoporous silica nanoparticles towards efficient sustainable immunoregulation and insulin resistance alleviation for diabetic periodontitis therapy

Host-modulation therapy is generally accepted as a novel promising method for diabetic periodontitis (DP) treatment and screening an appropriate drug model is the key to success. Resveratrol (RSV), because of its viable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and its ability to control glucose metabolism, is considered a potential candidate. However, poor water solubility, rapid decomposition and short serum half-life period significantly limit its application. Therefore, in this study, we designed a RSV-grafted mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN-RSV) drug carrier system to enhance RSV's stability effectively and prolong its duration. Further analyses have verified the indispensable role of MSNs in improving the bioavailability of RSV, which could result in a more favorable therapeutic efficacy in DP related to regulating the polarization of the macrophage. The reason for this could be explained by activating the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. This study also focused on the auxiliary effect of MSN-RSV on alleviating insulin resistance (IR) and controlling glucose metabolism. In brief, the study has provided a potential alternative strategy for DP therapy. It is also helpful for future intensive research topics like the immunoregulatory mechanisms in the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontitis.