Lithium manganese oxide with excellent electrochemical performance prepared from chemical manganese dioxide for lithium ion batteries

Chemical manganese dioxide (CMD) is synthesized by the SEDEMA process and adopted as a precursor for lithium manganese oxide with a spinel structure (LMO). LMO is also prepared from electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) as a reference for comparison. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that CMD is composed of γ-MnO2, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that the nanorods cover a spherical core with a diameter < 1 μm. The LMO prepared from CMD shows a much better rate capability and cycle life performance than that from EMD at high temperatures and high current densities. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the structural stability during charge and discharge and the morphology of the LMO, a loose aggregation of the octahedral particles with a uniform size (<1 μm) and shape, which originated from that of CMD.