Music interventions in patients undergoing surgery: A systematic review using strict inclusion criteria

Music interventions pre-, during or post-surgery were associated with a significant decrease in pain, anxiety and a higher patient satisfaction. Despite our narrowed exclusion criteria, overall risk of bias was considered high in all studies. Reproducibility of sample size calculations was considered poor. Future systematic reviews should more strictly assess control groups procedures, randomization procedures and sample size calculations of RCT's. Future RCT's should sufficiently implement these methods.