Multi‐omic analysis of Tyrophagus putrescentiae reveals insights into the allergen complexity of storage mites

Abstract Background The storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae is one of the major mites causing allergies in Chinese and Korean populations, but its allergen profile in incomplete when compared with that of house dust mites. Multiple genome-based methods have been introduced into the allergen study of mites and have enabled a better understanding of these medically important organisms. Objective We sought to reveal a comprehensive allergen profile of Tyrophagus putrescentiae and advance the allergen study of storage mites. Methods Based on a high-quality assembled and annotated genome, an in silico analysis was performed by searching reference sequences to identify allergens. Immunoassay ELISA assessed the allergenicities of recombinant proteins. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identified the IgE-binding proteins. Comparative genomics analysis was employed for the important allergen gene families. Results A complete allergen profile of Tyrophagus putrescentiae was revealed, including thirty-seven allergen groups (up to Tyr p 42). Among them, five novel allergens were verified using the sera of allergy patients. Massive allergen homologs were identified as the result of gene duplications in genome evolution. Proteomic identification again revealed a wide range of allergen homologs. In the NPC2 family and GSTs, comparative analysis shed light on the expansion and diversification of the allergen groups. Conclusion Using multi-omic approaches, the comprehensive allergen profile including massive homologs was disclosed in Tyrophagus putrescentiae , which revealed the allergen complexity of the storage mite and could ultimately facilitate the component-resolved diagnosis.