Graphene Quantum Dots for High-Sensitivity and Selective Detection of Industrial Wastewater Components

ions with a detection limit of 1 μM, while o-GQDs showed significant fluorescence quenching in response to methylene blue. Furthermore, o-GQDs were successfully incorporated into electrospun nanofiber membranes, which displayed reversible pH-responsive fluorescence color changes─from green to orange to yellow─as the environment shifted from acidic to alkaline conditions. These fluorescence modulations are attributed to synergistic mechanisms, including charge transfer, chelation, and surface functional group interactions. Overall, this study provides a novel strategy for tailoring GQDs with tunable optical properties, offering an effective platform for the selective and sensitive detection of industrial wastewater pollutants.