Extracellular vesicles derived from Pinctada martensii mucus regulate skin inflammation via the NF-κB/NLRP3/MAPK pathway

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their exosome subsets are vesicle-like nanoparticles (EVs) that are secreted by cells and contain various factors that treat various diseases. However, studies on extracting EVs from marine shellfish are still relatively lacking. In this study, EVs were isolated from Pinctada martensii mucus and the efficacy of EVs in modulating the inflammatory environment was demonstrated. A human skin inflammatory cell model was established to investigate the effect of Pinctada martensii mucus-derived EVs on inflammation. The results showed that EVs could restore the viability of inflammatory HaCaT cells and decrease the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. The inflammation of HaCaT cells was treated by inhibiting the activation of the MAPK, NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways, which prevented the phosphorylation of related inflammatory proteins and the entry of P65 protein into the nucleus. This study provides novel EVs from marine shellfish-derived bioactive materials.