Rapeseed root phospholipid metabolism orchestrates low phosphorus-induced microbiome changes and the interaction with beneficial Massilia

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant development, and the role of microorganisms in enhancing plant P acquisition has attracted increasing attention. However, the genetic factors that enable plants to shape a microbiome responsive to low-P conditions remain largely elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that phospholipid metabolism influences low-P-induced changes in the root microbiome of rapeseed. Notably, the genus Massilia is identified as a key biomarker, whose abundance is significantly regulated by phospholipase-associated genetic factors. Experimental inoculation with Massilia significantly promoted plant growth and increased membrane phospholipid levels. Furthermore, phospholipids produced by Massilia serve as bioavailable P sources for the host plant, while the plant-derived phospholipid metabolite glyceric acid functions as a carbon source for the bacterium. These findings provide genetic insights into how plant phospholipid metabolism, mediated by phospholipases, orchestrates root microbial communities under low-P stress. This study also highlights the potential of Massilia as a bioinoculant to improve crop resilience in P-deficient soils.