Anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactors (AnDMBRs): A promising technology for high-strength wastewater treatment

Anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactors (AnDMBRs) require less energy, capital, and operating costs and have greater potential for energy recovery. This review paper summarizes recent developments in the AnDMBR technology for high-strength wastewater treatment. It begins with the characterization of various high-strength wastewater sources in AnDMBR studies and proceeds with a comparison of AnDMBR and other common anaerobic biological treatment processes, such as anaerobic membrane bioreactor, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, anaerobic filter, and anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor. The paper also discusses influential parameters on AnDMBR performance, including reactor configuration, dynamic membrane and sludge characteristics, low temperature, short hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent strength, and additives (e.g., flocculant aids, powdered activated carbon, and zero-valent iron). Finally, it highlights major challenges and potentially promising research directions, such as the unknown DM formation mechanisms, low to zero nutrient removal, low-temperature sensitivity, and dynamic membrane management, to support AnDMBR development for large-scale applications.