PF-HCPS: Extending Problem Frames for Supporting Human-Cyber-Physical System Collaboration

Human-Cyber-Physical System (H-CPS) is a complex system that achieves user goals through human-cyber-physical collaboration, which has been applied to all aspects of human work and life. The problem frames can help to specify and analyze the target system and its relevant environments, especially describe the human-cyber-physical entities and their relations. Moreover, extending problem frames with state machine, it can specify the dynamic characteristic of human-cyber-physical entities. However, the collaboration patterns between human-cyber-physical entities are not be included in the state-of-the-arts problem frames model. In this paper, we extend problem frames named PF-HCPS to support directly modeling human-cyber-physical entities and their collaborations for identify collaboration requirements between human and system at an early stage of system development. Finally, we demonstrate the extended PF-HCPS model through the case study of Tesla Autopilot. Overall, the results were satisfactory. The proposed approach can be further extended and applied for environment-driven requirements engineering in the software industry.