Components of the fascia – cells and extracellular matrix

Abstract Fascia continues to be a significant topic in numerous studies due to its unique functions that contribute to maintaining various bodily functions. The current article focuses on the crucial aspects of fascia and provides an essential collection of basics to understand the phenomenon of fascia. It describes the anatomical structure, with emphasis on the division into layers. Furthermore, the article explains how fascia affects muscle movement and transduction signals. In addition to the significant role of fascia, the article discusses its components, both cellular and non-cellular. Regarding cellular factors, various types of cells are distinguished and their role in mechanotransduction is explained. Non-cellular components maintain the structure of the fascia and provide scaffolding for the cells of the fascia. The problem of fascia classification is comprehensively considered, including the anatomical, histological, and cellular aspects of fascia. Finally, the article examines aspects of fascia disorders, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, as well as the correlation of structural abnormalities with lymphatic oedema. Not only does it address these abnormalities, but it also discusses the nature of myofascial pain origin and the currently widespread topic of acupuncture.