医学
背景(考古学)
生物标志物
肝细胞癌
临床试验
免疫疗法
免疫检查点
重症监护医学
免疫系统
肿瘤科
免疫学
内科学
生物
古生物学
生物化学
作者
Xinpu Han,Qianhui Sun,Manman Xu,Gengrui Zhu,Ruike Gao,Baoyi Ni,Jie Li
出处
期刊:Seminars in Liver Disease
[Georg Thieme Verlag KG]
日期:2023-11-01
卷期号:43 (04): 383-401
标识
DOI:10.1055/s-0043-1776127
摘要
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as effective therapeutics for multiple cancers. Nevertheless, as immunotherapeutic approaches are being extensively utilized, substantial hurdles have arisen for clinicians. These include countering ICIs resistance and ensuring precise efficacy assessments of these drugs, especially in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review attempts to offer a holistic overview of the latest insights into the ICIs resistance mechanisms in HCC, the molecular underpinnings, and immune response. The intent is to inspire the development of efficacious combination strategies. This review also examines the unconventional response patterns, namely pseudoprogression (PsP) and hyperprogression (HPD). The prompt and rigorous evaluation of these treatment efficacies has emerged as a crucial imperative. Multiple clinical, radiological, and biomarker tests have been advanced to meticulously assess tumor response. Despite progress, precise mechanisms of action and predictive biomarkers remain elusive. This necessitates further investigation through prospective cohort studies in the impending future.
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