Production, characterisation, and application of titanium gypsum: A review

Titanium gypsum is a solid waste produced by sulphuric acid titanium dioxide producers when they neutralise the waste acid with calcium method, and the annual emission is quite large, causing relatively large environmental problems. Improving the comprehensive utilisation of titanium gypsum is the key to solving the problem of the large increase of titanium gypsum. This paper reviews the current beneficial applications of titanium gypsum, analyses the practical applications of titanium gypsum in three fields: extraction of useful material, construction material, and soil amendment, and the impact of these applications on the environment, in order to provide a basis for better understanding and application of titanium gypsum.