Opportunities and Challenges of Layered Lithium-Rich Manganese-Based Cathode Materials for High Energy Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials are considered the most attractive for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to their high energy density and unique electrochemical behavior. However, the release of oxygen during charging and discharging, irreversible structure transformation, and severe side reactions of lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials have seriously hindered their industrial applications. Based on the research results of Li-rich manganese-based cathode materials in recent years, this Review highlights the research progress of Li-rich manganese-based cathode materials in terms of structure, charging and discharging mechanism, as well as the current key problems such as capacity degradation, poor rate performance, serious voltage decay, low initial Coulombic efficiency, defects in the charging and discharging process, etc.; it also summarizes the specific modification strategies for the above problems, such as structural design, single-element doping or codoping, doping and coating, electrolyte additives, and so on. This Review also highlights the future development trends and commercial prospects of lithium-rich manganese-based materials, hoping to provide new ideas and insights for the advancement of lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials, which will also contribute to the industrialization of lithium-rich manganese-based materials.