Advancing Traditional Dunhuang Regional Pattern Design with Diffusion Adapter Networks and Cross-Entropy

To promote the inheritance of traditional culture, a variety of emerging methods rooted in machine learning and deep learning have been introduced. Dunhuang patterns, an important part of traditional Chinese culture, are difficult to collect in large numbers due to their limited availability. However, existing text-to-image methods are computationally intensive and struggle to capture fine details and complex semantic relationships in text and images. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the Diffusion Adapter Network (DANet). It employs a lightweight adapter module to extract visual structural information, enabling the diffusion model to generate Dunhuang patterns with high accuracy, while eliminating the need for expensive fine-tuning of the original model. The attention adapter incorporates a multihead attention module (MHAM) to enhance image modality cues, allowing the model to focus more effectively on key information. A multiscale attention module (MSAM) is employed to capture features at different scales, thereby providing more precise generative guidance. In addition, an adaptive control mechanism (ACM) dynamically adjusts the guidance coefficients across feature layers to further enhance generation quality. In addition, incorporating a cross-entropy loss function enhances the model's capability in semantic understanding and the classification of Dunhuang patterns. The DANet achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on the proposed Diversified Dunhuang Patterns Dataset (DDHP). Specifically, it attains a perceptual similarity score (LPIPS) of 0.498, a graph matching score (CLIP score) of 0.533, and a feature similarity score (CLIP-I) of 0.772.