Development and validation of an integrated UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS method for the simultaneous analysis of three categories of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in surface water

, respectively. The method was successfully applied to 23 surface water samples, and 10 EDCs were detected. Notably, bisphenols and SPAs in the Qiantang River displayed a clear increasing trend toward the downstream. SPAs exhibited the highest concentrations, with oxidation by the π-system being the predominant pathway responsible for the transformation to degradants like BHT-Q and BHT-quinol. This method offers reliable detection and quantification of multiple phenolic EDCs in water, providing a valuable tool for environmental monitoring, risk assessment, and regulatory management of EDCs contamination.