Advances in photothermal CO2 hydrogenation catalysis for C1 molecules

Excessive CO 2 emissions pose challenges in climate and energy sectors. Heterogeneous catalytic CO 2 conversion to valuable chemicals, particularly C1 species, has attracted worldwide attention. However, these processes often necessitate high pressures and temperatures, limiting their practicality. Therefore, it is imperative to develop new CO 2 hydrogenation strategies under milder conditions. Photothermal catalysis offers a promising pathway to reduce energy consumption by combining photocatalysis and thermal catalysis. This review focuses on recent advancements in photothermal CO 2 hydrogenation to C1 products, including reverse water-gas shift, CO 2 methanation, dry reforming of methane, and CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol. In particular, in situ characterization is crucial in elucidating the photothermal catalytic mechanisms. We finally discuss the existing challenges, propose future perspectives, and provide insights into the catalytic mechanism for the selective production of C1 products. This review aims to enhance understanding of photothermal CO 2 conversion and guide future research in solar-driven energy utilization systems.