Mechanochemical Cross-Coupling Reactions

Mechanochemical synthesis avoids the use of potentially harmful organic solvents, thus providing an attractive and environmentally friendly alternative to solution-based synthesis. Mechanochemical cross-coupling reactions enable cleaner and more sustainable access to a wide range of valuable synthetic targets in organic materials and modern drug discovery. Unlike conventional solution-based synthesis, unique reaction parameters such as milling frequency, jar and ball materials, and grinding additives greatly affect the efficiency of cross-coupling reactions. Unprecedented reactivity and selectivity have been discovered in mechanochemical cross-coupling reactions, suggesting that mechanochemistry enables access to novel chemical space that is unavailable under solution conditions. In recent years, solvent-less mechanochemical organic transformations using ball milling have come to the forefront of organic synthesis as cleaner and sustainable synthetic alternatives. Apart from the environmental benefits, mechanochemical approaches potentially enable access to novel chemical space that has reactivities and selectivities different from those of conventional solution-based reactions. In this review, we highlight important recent contributions to cross-coupling chemistry using ball milling, with particular emphasis on new synthetic strategies and concepts based on mechanochemical reaction environments that enable the rapid and selective construction of complex molecules. In recent years, solvent-less mechanochemical organic transformations using ball milling have come to the forefront of organic synthesis as cleaner and sustainable synthetic alternatives. Apart from the environmental benefits, mechanochemical approaches potentially enable access to novel chemical space that has reactivities and selectivities different from those of conventional solution-based reactions. In this review, we highlight important recent contributions to cross-coupling chemistry using ball milling, with particular emphasis on new synthetic strategies and concepts based on mechanochemical reaction environments that enable the rapid and selective construction of complex molecules. grinders in which fine crushing is performed by the mechanical impact and friction of balls. Ball mills are typically used for fine grinding of ceramics, abrasives, pigments, and glass. the space spanned by all accessible molecules and chemical compounds. a branch of chemistry that deals with mechanical stress-induced chemical reactions and structural changes of materials. Specifically, the mechanochemical reactions involve highly reactive center or species generated by the mechanical stimulations (e.g., ball milling and ultrasonication) imparted to the reaction system.