神经鞘素
神经科学
选择性拼接
基因亚型
突触
生物
生物神经网络
功能(生物学)
RNA剪接
神经肽
突触形成
突触后电位
兴奋性突触后电位
基因
细胞生物学
核糖核酸
遗传学
受体
抑制性突触后电位
作者
Andrea M. Gomez,Lisa Traunmüller,Peter Scheiffele
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41583-020-00415-7
摘要
The function of neuronal circuits relies on the properties of individual neuronal cells and their synapses. We propose that a substantial degree of synapse formation and function is instructed by molecular codes resulting from transcriptional programmes. Recent studies on the Neurexin protein family and its ligands provide fundamental insight into how synapses are assembled and remodelled, how synaptic properties are specified and how single gene mutations associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders might modify the operation of neuronal circuits and behaviour. In this Review, we first summarize insights into Neurexin function obtained from various model organisms. We then discuss the mechanisms and logic of the cell type-specific regulation of Neurexin isoforms, in particular at the level of alternative mRNA splicing. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework for how combinations of synaptic protein isoforms act as 'senders' and 'readers' to instruct synapse formation and the acquisition of cell type-specific and synapse-specific functional properties.
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