Hierarchical dual-protection design in anti-chloride GO/Co 3 O 4 /Co x Ti 4 O 9 /TF for enhanced seawater oxidation electrocatalysis

A hierarchical graphene oxide-shielded electrode with Co 3 O 4 -loaded Co x Ti 4 O 9 nanowire networks was designed, integrating physical blocking, OH − enrichment, Cl − electrostatic repulsion, and fast mass transport for durable seawater oxidation.