Sensitivity Analysis of Fractal DGS Integrated Microstrip Patch Antenna for X-Band RADAR Applications

This paper presents the effect of Defected Ground Structure (DGS) on the radiation characteristics of aperture feed patch antenna operating at 10 GHz. Antenna structures are designed by etching DGS of different configuration which include plain DGS, plain wire DGS, fractal and fractal wire DGS. The best antenna structure is found out among those. The best structure is the Minkowski Island Type 2 Iteration 2 wire DGS. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the effect of parameters (related to DGS) on it. After that, the value for which maximum size reduction achieved is found. Finally, it is observed that size reduction is achieved with a good gain for the best structure when it is compared to that of the simple patch antenna. All the design and simulation process is performed using ANSYS HFSS software, and the output data of antenna performance parameters are graphically displayed using MATLAB.