Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ phosphors were prepared by hydrothermal method. Effect of the doping concentration of Eu 3+ on the photoluminescence properties of Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ phosphor was studied in details. It was found that the strongest emission intensity is achieved as atomic ratio of Y 3+ to Eu 3+ is 8. As concentration of Eu 3+ exceeds the critical concentration, the emission intensity decreases dramatically due to the concentration quenching of Eu 3+ . Also, the effect of Li + on the photoluminescence performance of the Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ phosphor is studied in this work. According to the results, the doping of Li + may greatly improve the PL performance of the Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ phosphors due to the flux effect and improved crystallinity caused by the doping of Li + .