Perovskite Solar Cells

In just over a decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made remarkable strides, achieving certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 27.0% in single-junction and 34.6% in tandem configurations. These advancements position PSCs as a leading contender for next-generation photovoltaic technologies. Their rapid evolution is fueled by innovations in materials science, interface engineering, and device architecture, including tandem structures and flexible substrates. This chapter reviews the technological development of PSCs while critically examining the barriers to commercial adoption. Key challenges include long-term stability, scalable manufacturing, environmental sustainability, and industrial integration. Stability is compromised by both external factors—moisture, light, heat, and mechanical stress—and internal degradation mechanisms such as ion migration and chemical instability. This chapter also explores tandem cell architectures and large-area deposition techniques, discussing their potential and limitations. Ultimately, this chapter provides strategic insights for bridging the gap between lab-scale breakthroughs and real-world energy solutions, underscoring the importance of global collaboration and sustainable innovation.