A Biomimetic Nanozyme Engineered via Coordination and Confinement for Photothermal-Reinforced Catalytic Detection of Extracellular Vesicles and Diagnosis of Cancer

. Moreover, by integrating multiple aptamer-MB probes (targeting HER2, MUC1, and GPC3) with machine learning, a sensor array is constructed to classify different cancer types and distinguish liver cancer patients from those with hepatitis and healthy individuals, demonstrating the clinical potential of this assay for noninvasive diagnosis.