Dimensionality-dependent MoS2 toward efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution: from synthesis to modifications in doping, surface and heterojunction engineering

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting has attracted much attention as an effective method to alleviate energy shortage. Among a variety of photocatalytic materials, noble-metal-free molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been widely studied owing to its unique optoelectronic properties, stable physicochemical properties, and multidimensionality. This review encompasses the synthesis methods (mechanical exfoliation method, liquid phase exfoliation method, chemical vapor deposition method and hydrothermal method) of multidimensional MoS2 (0D, 1D, 2D and 3D) and its application in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting. Considering that there are still some open questions existing in the photocatalytic activity of MoS2, the improvement measures for the photocatalytic hydrolysis of MoS2-based photocatalytic materials are discussed, with emphasis on the formation of heterojunction, doping strategies and surface modification to further improve their photocatalytic activity. Finally, the summary and future development of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) catalyzed by MoS2-derived materials have been prospected.