Recent advances in biomass-derived graphene and carbon nanotubes

As the most value-added carbon nanomaterials, graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely studied and employed in a diverse assortment of applications due to their unique and impeccable structures, as well as outstanding electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Unprecedented applications and market demand for graphene and CNTs drive the development of sustainable, low-cost, and eco-friendly carbon sources. Biomass materials are carbon-rich, renewable, and cost-effective. This article presents recent advances in biomass-derived graphene and CNTs with a focused review on manufacturing high-quality graphene and CNTs from a range of disparate biomass materials and their applications in electrochemistry, photocatalysis, and water purification. The biomass-derived graphene and CNTs demonstrate new avenues of innovative ecosystems and opportunities.