Atomic dispersion of bulk/nano metals to atomic-sites catalysts and their application in thermal catalysis

Supported metal-group materials are commonly utilized as state-of-the-art catalysts in industry. Atomic-sites catalysts (ASCs) have attracted increasing attention in catalysis owing to their 100% atom efficiency and unique catalytic performances toward various reactions. In particular, atomic dispersion of bulk and nano metals has become the focus of research and development in the synthesis of ASCs. Over the past decade, burgeoning interests have been paid to atomic dispersion in ASCs and their applications in catalysis. However, to the best of our knowledge, the systematic summary and analysis of atomic dispersion were rarely reported. In this review, recently developed ASCs by atomic dispersion were discussed in terms of synthetic atmosphere, driving force, and applications in thermal catalytic reactions. Perspectives related to challenges and directions as well as design strategies of ASCs in atomic dispersion were also provided.