CO2 bio-mitigation using genetically modified algae and biofuel production towards a carbon net-zero society

CO2 sequestration carried by biological methodologies shows enhanced potential and has the advantage that biomass produced from the captured CO2 can be used for different applications. Bio-mitigation of carbons through a micro-algal system addresses a promising and feasible option. This review mostly focused on the role of algae, particular mechanisms, bioreactors in algae cultivation, and genetically modified algae in CO2 fixation and energy generation systems. A combination of CO2 bio-mitigation and biofuel production might deliver an extremely promising alternative to current CO2 mitigation systems. Bio mitigation in which the excess carbon is captured and bio fixation which the carbon is captured by algae or autotrophs and used for producing biofuel. This review revealed that steps for biofuel production from algae include factors affecting, harvesting techniques, oil extraction and transesterification. This review helps environmentalists and researchers to assess the effect of algae-based biorefinery on the green environment.